PROJECT BEDROCK
  • home
  • About
    • Mission
    • Board of Directors
    • D-MAP Team
    • Program Director
  • Programs
    • DECISION-MAKING Tool
    • OUTREACH
    • Focus on Karst Country
    • Rethink Mountain Cedars
    • WORKING PARTNERS
    • NEWSLETTER ARCHIVES
    • KARST COUNTRY LIBRARY
  • Subscribe
  • Donate

KARST  COUNTRY  LIBRARY
(UNDER CONSTRUCTION)

SUBJECT MATTER
 
includes scientific research, literature review, and educational videos
​

Picture
Picture
Picture
Picture
Picture
Picture
Picture
Picture

KARST COUNTRY


KARST COUNTRY BASICS
What is Karst Country? (this website)

Woodruff and Abbott, 1977. Drainage Basin Evolution and Aquifer Development in a Karstic Limestone Terrain South-Central Texas.


GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION
Goldscheider, et al., 2020. World Map

Veni, 2002. Revising the Karst Map of the United States.

​
​HUMAN IMPACTS
​Ulrich, 2002. Land Use in Karst Terrain: Review of Impacts of Primary Activities on Temperate Karst Ecosystems.


​
KARST COUNTRY DRYLANDS
Ka'ahahui 'O Ka Nāhelehele, 2018. Lesson1: What is a Dry Forest?

NASA, 2015. Measuring the Earth's Dryland Forests.

Guirado, et al., 2022. Climate Legacies Drive the Distribution and Future Restoration Potential of Dryland Forests.


DEGRADED VS. HEALTHY COVER
He, Wang, Niu, and Nath, 2022. Vegetation Recovery and Recent Degradation in Different Karst Landforms of Southwest China over the Last Two Decades Using GEE satellite Archives. 

Gu, et al., 2017. Influence of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Properties in the Loess Plateau, China.

Tang, et al., 2012. Effects of Management on Vegetation Dynamics and Associated Nutrient Cycling in a Karst Area, Yunna, SW China.

​
Leite, Wilcox, and McEnnes, 2020. Woody plant encroachment enhances soil infiltrability of a semiarid karst savanna. 

Su, et al., 2019. Soil and Fine Roots Ecological Stoichiometry in Different Vegetation REstoration Stages in a Karst Area, Southwest China. 

Leite, et al., 2023. Woody Plant Encroachment Modifies Carbonate Bedrock: field evidence for enhanced weathering and permeability. 

​

GRASS VS. TREES 
Yangbing, et al., 2006. Impact of Land Cover Types on the Soil Characteristics in Karst Area of Chongqing.

Chandler, 2006. Reversibility of Forest Conversion Impacts on Water Budgets in Tropical Karst Terrain.



HISTORICAL VEGETATION COVER
Nelle, 2012. The Great Grassland Myth.

Smeins, Fuhlendorf, and Taylor. Texas AgriLife. Environmental and Land Use Changes: A Long-term Perspective.

Bray, 1904. The Timber of the Edwards Plateau of Texas: its relations to climate, water supply, and soil.

Smithwick, 1827-1861. The Evolution of a State, or Recollections of Old Texas Days.


Cordova, 1858. Texas Her Resources and Her Public Men. 

Rozel, edt., 2001. The Forgotten Texas Census: the first annual report of the Agricultural Department of Agriculture, Insurance, Statistics, and History.

Sargent, 1883. Map of the United States, Showing the Relative Average Density of Existing Forests.

​​​​


UNDERGROUND


CARBON CYCLING
Jia and Zhou, 2023. Estimation of Global Karst Carbon Sink from 1950s to 2050s Using Response Surface Methodology.

Zhou et al., 2015. Overview of 30 Years of Research on Solubility Trapping in Chinese Karst.


Zhang, et al., 2022. Ecosystem-driven Karst Carbon Cycle and Carbon Sink Effects.

Cao, et al., 2018. Global Significance of the Carbon Cycle in the Karst Dynamic System: evidence from geological and ecological processes. 



SINKHOLES

​
CAVES


WATER


​GROUNDWATERS
Lindley, 2005. The Hydrologic Function of Small Sinkholes in the Edwards Aquifer Recharge Zone.

Hauwert and Johns, 2015. Karst and Recharge in the Barton Springs Segment of the Edwards Aquifer.

Bonacci, 2015. Surface Waters and Groundwater in Karst.

add groundwater  vs water table

​

SOIL BIOLOGY


​SOIL TYPES
Texas Agricultural Extension Station, 1973. General Soil Map of Texas.

BENEFITS OF HEALTHY SOIL
Williams, 2024. First, Heal the Soil | Dr. Allen Williams.

KARST COUNTRY SOIL ISSUES


​INFILTRATION
USDA Water Science School, 2019. Infiltration and the Water Cycle.

Chartier, et al., 2011. Effects of Soil Degradation on Infiltration Rates in Grazed Semiarid Rangelands of Northeastern Patagonia, Argentina.

ORGANIC MATTER & CARBON

TEMPERATURES
YanTao, et al., 2013. Effects of Vegetation Height and Density on Soil Temperature Variations.

​BUGS & MICROBES
Lisa Marchowitz is currently studying mychorrihizal fungi relations to several native plant species at the Austin's Balcones Canyonlands Preserve.

MOUNTAIN CEDARS (Juniperus ashei, ovata, etc.)


COMPREHENSIVE
McGreevy, 2021. Wanted! Mountain Cedars, Dead and Alive. Spicewood Publications: Austin.​

Nelle, 2001. A Holistic Perspective on Juniper. 

O'Donnell, 2020. Ashe Juniper Reference Document. 

McGreevy, 2024. Rethinking Mountain Cedars (this website). 


DISTRIBUTION
Diamond and True, 2004. The Distribution of Ashe Juniper Forests in the Hill Country in Relation to Abiotic Site Type. 


COVER TYPES
Diamond, 1997. An Old-Growth Definition for Western Juniper Woodlands: Texas Ashe Juniper Dominated or Codominated Communities.

+pioneer vs forest

CARBON SINKING
Thijs, 2014. Biotic and Abiotic Controls on Carbon Dynamics in A Central Texas Encroaching Savanna.


GROUNDWATERS, SPRINGS, AND RUNOFF
Leite, Wilcox, and McEnnes, 2020. Woody plant encroachment enhances soil infiltrability of a semiarid karst savanna. 

Wilcox and Huang, 2010. Woody Plant Encroachment Paradox: rivers rebound as degraded grasslands convert into woodlands.

Marsh, William M., and Nina L. Marsh, 1996. Soil, Landforms, Hydrologic Processes, and Land-use Issues—Glenrose Limestone Terrains, Barton Creek Watershed.
​
Leite, et al., 2023. Woody Plant Encroachment Modifies Carbonate Bedrock: field evidence for enhanced weathering and permeability. 

Dammeyer, et al., 2016. Effects of Juniper Removal and Rainfall Variation on Tree Transpiration in a Semi-arid Karst: evidence of complex water storage dynamics.

Beradelli, 2010. Solving the Rangeland Paradox.


Dasgupta, et al, 2006. Impacts of Juniper Vegetation and Karst Geology on Subsurface Flow Processes in the Edwards Plateau.

Dugas, et al., 1998. Effect of Removal of Juniperus ashei on Evapotranspiration and Runoff in the Seco Creek Watershed.

Sorenson, 2004. The Use of Large Plot Rainfall Simulation to Investigate Runoff Generation on the Edwards Plateau, Texas
. 

Taucer, 2006. 
The Effects of Juniper Removal on Rainfall Partitioning in the Edwards Aquifer Region: Large-Scale Rainfall Simulation Experiments.

Weinheimer, 2006. 
Economic Value of Soil Water Enhancement from Brush Removal on the Pedernales Watershed Agricultural and Applied Economics.

Wilcox and Munster, 2010. Augmenting Groundwater Recharge Through Brush Control: A Feasibility Study-Phase II.

Wilcox et al., 2006. Shrubs, Streamflow, and the Paradox of Scale.


​TREE WATER USE 
Heilman, Owens, et al., 2009. Energy Balance and Water Use in a Subtropical Karst Woodland on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. 

Heilman, et al., 2009. Energy Balance and Water Use in a Subtropical Karst Woodland on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. 

Litvak, et al., 2010. Woody Plant Rooting Depth and Ecosystem Function of Savannas: A Case Study from the Edwards Plateau Karst, Texas, USA 

Bendevis, Owens, Heilman, and McInnes, 2009. Carbon Exchange and Water Loss from Two Evergreen Trees in a Semi-arid Woodland. 

Dammeyer, 2010. Short-term Responses of Clear Cutting on the Water Supplies, Water Status, and Growth of Remaining Vegetation: which species have the most to gain?

McCole and Stern, 2007. Seasonal Water Use Patterns of Juniperus ashei on the Edwards Plateau, Texas, based on stable isotopes in water.


Dugas, et al., 1998. Effect of Removal of Juniperus ashei on Evapotranspiration and Runoff in the Seco Creek Watershed.


RAIN INTERCEPTION
Owens, et al., 2006. Rainfall Partitioning within Semiarid Juniper Communities: Effect and Event Size and Canopy Cover.  

Zou et al, 2015. Canopy Interception for a Tallgrass Prairie Under Juniper Encroachment.

Slaughter, 1997. Throughfall, Stemflow and Infiltration Rates for Juniperus Ashei on the Edwards Plateau.

​
DROUGHT DIE-OFFS
Crouchet, et al., 2019. Tree Mortality after a Hot Drought: Distinguishing Density-Dependent and -Independent Drivers and Why It Matters. 


SOIL REBUILDING BY PIONEERS


UNDERSTORY GROWTH IMPACT


FLAMMABILITY
Long et al., 2006.  Quantifying and Ranking the Flammability of Ornamental Shurbs in the Southern United States.

Owens, et al., 1998. Seasonal Patterns of Plant Flammability and Monoterpenoid Content in Juniperus ashei.

Cardosa et al., 2023. How Forests Survive Alongside Flammable Open Ecosystems: Conservation Implications for Africa.


Murray and White, 2013. Loss of Neighbors, Fire, and Climate Effects on Texas Red Oak Growth in a Juniper-dominated Woodland Ecosystem.

Thomas, White and Murray, 2016. Tree Species Influence Woodland Canopy Characteristics and Crown Fire Potential.


+kerr wildlife management area


WILDLIFE USES
​Chavez-Ramirez, 1992. The Role of Birds and Mammals in the Dispersal Ecology of Ashe Juniper in the Edwards Plateau. 

Rollins and Armstrong, 2001. Cedar Through the Eyes of Wildlife. 


AIR POLLUTION
Sawyers, 2019. Controlling Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds for Air Quality.

Traverso, 2020. The Best Trees to Reduce Air Pollution. 


​INVASIVE VS. NATIVE
LBJ Wildflower Center Native Plant Database. Juniperus ashei.

Colautti and MacIsaac, 2004. A Neutral Terminology to Define 'Invasive' Species.

Texas A&M Forest Service, 2023. Invasive, Non-native, and Native Species Explained.

​
BOTANICAL
Owens and Ansley, 2001. Ecophysiology and Growth of Ashe and Redberry Juniper.

+reproduction/juvenille growth/fruits


​GENETIC VARIATIONS AND HYBRIDIZATION
Adams and Johnson, 2020. Long Distance Gene Flow Faciliatated by Bird-dispersed Seeds in Wind-pollinated Species: a story of hybridization and introgression between Juniperus ashei and J. ovata by nrDNA and cpDNA. 

Adams and Baker, 2007. Pleistocene Intraspecific Evolution in Juniperus Ashei Buch.
​
Flora of the Southeastern United: Juniperus ashei

Flora of the Southeastern United: Juniperus ovata

WILDLIFE


MAMMALS


BIRDS


REPTILES

​
INSECTS
​

FIRE


REDUCING FIRE RISK
White, Joseph D., et al, 2009. The Balcones Canyonlands Preserve Fire Risk and Management: Characterization of Woodland Fuels amd Simulated Fire Behavior in the Wildland Urban Interface. Spatial Ecology Laboratory, Baylor University.

Jones, Justice, 2023. Cultivating Clarity: Decoding Wildfire Narratives and Debunking Juniper Myths. 

HISTORICAL FIRE

​
FOREST THINNING VS. MAINTAINING MICROCLIMATE


​

NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS


Kramer and Sheil, 2024. Restoring Reforested Drylands for a Wetter Future--harnessing trees for credits, climate, and water. 

Byrns, 2016. Super Juniper Eating Goats. 


Denkhaus, Fort Worth Nature Center, 2015. Can You Handle the Truth that Bison are a Keystone Species in Prairie Conservation?


SUSTAINING OLD-GROWTH  
Veldman, et al., 2015. Toward an Old-Growth Concept for Grasslands, Savannas, and Woodlands.

Appalachian Voices, 2006. Managing Your Woodlands: A Guide for Southern Appalachian Landowners.

USFWS, 1992. Management Guidelines for the Golden-cheeked Warblers in Rural Landscapes.

Klassen, 2011. Canopy Characteristics Affecting Avian Reproductive Success: the Golden-cheeked warbler.

Duarte, et al., 2013. Spatiotemporal Variation in Range-wide Golden-cheeked Warbler Breeding Habitat. 


Gilhen-Baker, et al., 2022. Old-Growth Forests and Large Old Trees as Critical Organisms Connecting Ecosystems and Human Health.


MANAGING TREE COVER TO REDUCE FIRE RISK
Weltzin and McPherson. Potential Effects of Climate Change on Lower Treelines in the Southwestern United States.


WATER SPREADING
Hall, 2014. Final Report for the Austrailian Government's Caring for Our Country Reef Rescue Water Quality Research and Development Program. 

Wilcox, Prcin, McAlister, Wolfe, Thomas, Knight, and Smeins, 2012.  Contour Ripping is More Beneficial than Composted Manure for REstoring Degraded Rangelands in Central Texas.

Texas Agrilife, 2020. Deep Soil Ripping for Water Conservation.

Hummel, 2018. Water Ranching Under Forests. 

​

SOIL PROTECTION & ENHANCEMENT
NCAT ATTRA (Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas), 2023. Keep the Soil Covered

Wilcox, Prcin, McAlister, Wolfe, Thomas, Knight, and Smeins, 2012.  Contour Ripping is More Beneficial than Composted Manure for REstoring Degraded Rangelands in Central Texas.

Peng, et al., 2015. A Correlation Analysis of Rocky Desertification Grades, Plant Diversity, and Soil Factors in Central Human of China.


REGENERATIVE AGRICULTURE
NCAT ATTRA (Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas), 2023. Integrate Livestock.

Understanding Ag. Las Damas Ranch Case Study


The Nature Conservancy, 2017. Restoring Your Degraded Grassland to Utility Prairie. 
​
Helzer, 2011. A Skeptical Look at Mob Grazing.

Wang, et al., 2014. Sound Management May Sequester Methane in GRazed Rangeland Ecosystems.


​
USING WILDLIFE 
James Bigley, 2023. The Black Bear in Texas: A Tale of Resilience and Return.

Denkhaus, Fort Worth Nature Center, 2015. Can You Handle the Truth that Bison are a Keystone Species in Prairie Conservation?

Estevez, et al., 2013. Prairie Dog Decline Reduces the Supply of Ecosystem Services and Leads to Desertification of Semiarid Grasslands.

USDA, 2021. Truce Between Prairie Dogs and Livestock Farmers? 

TPWD 1974. Learn About Javelina.


beaver
pronghorn
turkey
dung beetles
armadillos


ENHANCING THE RIPARIAN
Nelle, 2024. Your Remarkable Riparian Owner's Manual.

ECOLOGICAL MIMICRY
COVER COMPACTION
beaver mimicry


REWILDING 

​USING PRESCRIBED FIRE


REGENERATIVE DEVELOPMENT

RECLAIMING QUARRIES
Martîn-Duque, et al. 2009. Restoring Earth Surface Processes Through Landform Design-a 13-year monitoring of a geomorphic reclamation model for quarries on slopes.

REDUCING HOME FIRE RISK
National Fire Protection Association. Firewise USA.


Picture
PROJECT BEDROCK

P.O. Box 2535
Wimberley, TX 78676

​Phone: 512-522-8980
ABOUT
Our Mission
Background
   Texas Karst Country
   A History of Degradation
   Nature-based Solutions
   Regeneration
People
   Team
   Board
   Advisors
Fiscal Sponsor​
   

​PROGRAMS

Decision-Making Tool​
Outreach
Focus on Karst Country
Rethink Mountain Cedars 
Working Partner Network
Newsletter Archive
Karst Country Library


​
GET INVOLVED
Donate
Sponsor
Working Partner
Share
​
Volunteer
CONTACT US
​Email
Facebook
​Instagram

    Join our

    Karst Country Community!

Click to Subscribe

© 2023 Project Bedrock. All rights reserved.
Picture
Picture
Picture
  • home
  • About
    • Mission
    • Board of Directors
    • D-MAP Team
    • Program Director
  • Programs
    • DECISION-MAKING Tool
    • OUTREACH
    • Focus on Karst Country
    • Rethink Mountain Cedars
    • WORKING PARTNERS
    • NEWSLETTER ARCHIVES
    • KARST COUNTRY LIBRARY
  • Subscribe
  • Donate